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Original Article | Sep/Oct 2012

A Review of 13 Years of Experience With Endoscopic Forehead-lift

Nikolaos A. Papadopulos, MD, PhD; Maximilian Eder, MD; Christian Weigand, MD; Edgar Biemer, PhD; Laszlo Kovacs, PhD

Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2012;14(5):336-341. doi:10.1001/archfacial.2012.43.

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ABSTRACT

Objective To conduct objective quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the long-term result in endoscopic forehead-lift.

Methods Medical charts of 143 patients who underwent endoscopic forehead-lift between 1994 and 2007 were reviewed for postoperative complications and the duration of complaints. Patients received a questionnaire to evaluate satisfaction and social restriction after surgery. Objective photographic preoperative and postoperative eyebrow-to-eye distances in a relaxed position and during muscle contractions were obtained.

Results A total of 98 patients (69% response; mean follow-up, 38 months) showed high satisfaction (score, 7.1 of 10). In a relaxed position, mean midpupil-to-eyebrow elevation was 5.6 mm after surgery, with significant eyebrow symmetry between the left and right eyes (P < .05), and showed significant influence of time (P = .005) on persisting eyebrow elevation, with a decrease of almost 1 mm per year. Measurements during muscle contraction showed no relevant differences.

Conclusion Endoscopic forehead-lift enables long-lasting results with highly satisfied patients.

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Figure 1. Preoperative (below) and postoperative (above) patient photographs: relaxed position (left) and during facial muscle contraction, while elevating the eyebrows (middle) and while frowning (right).

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Figure 2. Photographic evaluation of the eyebrow-to-eye distances in millimeters. From the medial canthus (lines 3 and 4), from the midpupils (lines 2 and 5), and from the lateral canthus (lines 1 and 6) to the eyebrow top. In addition, the horizontal distance between the eyebrows was measured (line 7).

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Figure 3. Mean eyebrow elevation (lines 1-6) and symmetry evaluation of eyebrow positioning (comparing lines 1 and 6, 2 and 5, 3 and 4) in a relaxed position, while elevating the eyebrows, and while frowning.

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Figure 4. Significant influence of time on persistent eyebrow elevation (P = .005) for 52 patients, with follow-up periods of at least 24 months (range, 24-108 months). According to linear regression (black line), eyebrow elevation decreases almost 1 mm per year, on average.

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Papadopulos NA, Eder M, Weigand C, Biemer E, Kovacs L. A Review of 13 Years of Experience With Endoscopic Forehead-lift. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2012;14(5):336-341. doi:10.1001/archfacial.2012.43.

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A Review of 13 Years of Experience With Endoscopic Forehead-lift

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